Anthrax
Symptoms:
• Sudden death (often within 2 or 3 hours of being apparently normal) is by far the most common sign.
• Very occasionally some animals may show trembling, a high temperature.
• Difficulty breathing, collapse and convulsions before death. This usually occurs over a period of 24 hours; After death blood may not clot, resulting in a small amount of bloody discharge from the nose, mouth and other openings.
Treatment and control
• Due to sudden occurrence resulting in sudden death, treatment is usually not possible in animals.
• Prevention of the disease by regular vaccination at 6 months interval.
• The cutaneous (skin) form of anthrax can be treated with common antibiotics.
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Black Quarter (Black - leg)
Symptoms:
• Mainly occurs in young animals between 6 months to 2 years of age.
• Fever (106-10S°F)
• Difficult breathing (dyspnoea)
• Lameness in affected leg.
• Crepitation swelling over hip, back & shoulder.
• Swelling is hot & painful in early stages whereas cold and painless inter.
• Recumbency (prostration) followed by death within 12-48 hrs.
Treatment and control
• Separation of the affected animals.
• Early treatment with antibiotic (Penicillin group)
• Regular vaccination at 6 months interval in young animals.
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Foot-and-mouth disease
Symptoms:
• Fever with 104-105˚ F
• Profuse salivation ropes of stringy saliva hangs from mouth.
• Vesicles appear in mouth and in the inter digital space.
• Lameness observed.
• Cross bred cattle are highly susceptible to it.
Treatment and control
• Isolation and segregation of sick animals to a clean and dry condition.
• Regular cleaning and application of antiseptics and fly repellent ulcers.
• A common and inexpensive dressing for the lesions in the feet is a mixture of coal-tar and copper sulphate in the proportion of 5:1.
• Application of boroglycerine at lesions of mouth.
• It is advisable to carry out two vaccinations at an interval of six months followed by an annual vaccination programme.
• Proper disposal of left over feed by the animal.
• Disinfection of animal sheds with bleaching powder or phenol
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Mastitis
Symptoms:
• Disease of major economic importance causing drastic decrease in milk yield with curd formation.
• Swelling of the mammary gland with warm to touch.
• Increase in body temperature upto 104-105˚ F.
Treatment and control
• Regular cleaning of teats before and after milking.
• Control of flies is very important as the disease spread through flies.
• Use of broad spectrum antibiotic and analgesics systemically as well as locally.
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Milk fever
Symptoms:
• Metabolic disease due to deficiency of calcium in the body.
• A disease of high yielding cows occurs within one to three days of calving.
• The disease is characterized by loss of appetite, constipation and restlessness, but there is no rise in temperature.
• Lameness and unable to stand.
• Dilatation of pupil and bending of the neck towards flank.
Treatment and control
• Immediately contact veterinarian.
• Maintenance of 60 days dry period is important for prevention of this disease.
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